Konsep Jiwa Menurut Ibnu Rusyd Dan Sigmund Freud : Studi Komparasi

Abstract

The soul is a fundamental essence that has been a significant topic of discussion in philosophical and psychological studies throughout the history of human civilization. This research explores and analyzes the concept of the soul according to Ibn Rushd and Sigmund Freud. The method used is a qualitative approach based on library research. Data was collected from various literature sources, including books, journals, and scientific articles. The results of the study show that: A. Ibn Rushd views the soul as the initial perfection of a mechanistic body, emphasizing the unity of the soul and body, and divides the rational soul into three parts: the material intellect, the acquired intellect, and the active intellect. He emphasizes the importance of rationality and the balance of the soul's powers in achieving perfection. B. Sigmund Freud views the soul as a dynamic system consisting of the id, ego, and superego, emphasizing the unconscious aspect that dominates mental activity. Freud also developed the theory of psychosexual development, which shows that the human soul is formed through developmental stages from childhood. C. A comparison of the two figures' concepts of the soul reveals similarities in viewing the soul as a complex and dynamic system, but differences in approach: Ibn Rushd emphasizes rationality and spirituality, while Freud focuses more on the unconscious and psychic conflicts. This research is expected to contribute significantly to a more holistic understanding of the concept of the soul by integrating philosophical-religious and psychological perspectives.